in 1880 s

in 1880 s
Clearing of mountain forest to plant coffee

Monday, December 13, 2010

”தொழிலாளர்களின் வேதனத்தை வழங்குவதற்கு எதிரானவன் அல்ல” - எல்.எச்.கெல்லி

”தொழிலாளர்களின் வேதனத்தை வழங்குவதற்கு எதிரானவன் அல்ல” - எல்.எச்.கெலி

ö£¸¢-÷uõmh Áµ-»õØ-ÔÀ C¸¢x...16
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